The Governmental Structure, Politics, and Ideologies of China and its Difference from the U.S

The Governmental Structure, Politics, and Ideologies of China and its Difference from the U.S

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The Governmental Structure, Politics, and Ideologies of China and its Difference from the U.S

Introduction

            The People’s Republic of China is a state found in East Asia and is among the world’s first civilized states. It is the world’s second-largest country after Russia in terms of size. The United States of America on the other hand is a country consisting of fifty states. China and the USA have very different political systems. China is a socialist state with a solid Marxist background while the US is a capitalist with a strong liberal ideology background. In socialism, communal ownership and ownership of land and businesses is advocated for. Liberal ideology advocates for the rights of an individual.

Structure

The Central Government of China is divided into seven state organs that include; (i) the Legislature which is the National People’s Congress, the biggest parliamentary body. It is elected after a five-year term and has various functions such as overseeing major government operations, electing major officials of the Chinese state and legislation; (ii) the Presidency comprising of the President who is the head of state and the Vice President; (iii) the Executive which is the State Council that is the chief authority in the country, appointed by the National People’s Congress and chaired by the Premier. It comprises about fifty members who are heads of each governmental department. (iv) the Military that comprises the Central Military Commission, People’s Liberation Army, and People’s Army Police. (v) the Supervisory branch that consists of the National Supervisory Commission. (vi) the Judicial branch that consists of the Supreme People’s Court (vii) the Prosecutorial branch that consists of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (Susan V. Lawrence, 2002).

On the other hand, the US government is divided into three branches that include; (i) the legislative branch that makes laws, accepts or declines presidential nominations, and has the power to declare war. It consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are two elected members per Senate. The House of Representatives consists of four hundred and thirty-five elected members. (ii) the executive branch upholds and enforces the law. It consists of the President, the Vice President, and the Cabinet that functions as an advisory to the President. (iii) the Judiciary branch that interprets and assesses the law (Agne, 2009). It consists of the Supreme Court and the Federal Courts and Judicial Agencies.

Politics

The fundamental political system in China is the People’s Congress System which basically reflects that power belongs to the people of China hence making China a democratic nation. The   People’s Congress System is charged with the following roles; legislation, critical decision-making, appointment of government officials, and their supervision and removal from office. China is a multiparty state however the country has only run one political party known as the Communist Party of China (CPC) founded in 1921 and is the only dominating party in the Republic of China headed by the General Secretary. The CPC is principally organized based on two principles, democracy and centralism. The Communist Party of China consists of the following; The General Secretary, who leads the Party and is usually the Paramount Chinese lead; The Politburo which consists of twenty-two members; The Politburo Standing Committee consisting of seven members and has a major role in decisions making in China; The Secretariat; The Central Military Commission and The Central Discipline Inspection Commission, which is charged with wiping out issues regarding corruption in the country (Susan V. Lawrence, 2002).

            On the other hand, the US government has two dominant political parties; the Democratic Party and the Republican Party founded in 1824 and 1854 respectively, but other smaller political parties such as the Constitution Party, and the Green Party are also present (Agne, 2009). The US is a democratic nation such that the power is held by the people represented by government officials. However, the US is viewed as a divided democratic state due to the division of powers between the federal government and the state government, racial division, and the two political parties’ differences.

Ideology

It has always been argued that the Communist Party of China has no ideology due to its dominance but it has argued otherwise (Susan V. Lawrence, 2002). There are three major political ideologies in China; Marxism, economic pragmatism, and the country’s traditional values. The government of China tries to pool together Marxism with the country’s traditional values. Marxism is the endorsed ideology of the CPC but it has an inadequate impact on real foreign policy. The Chinese government has identified that Marxism should control every area to help in developing and upholding the Chinese culture.

On the other hand, the most common ideologies in the United States include; liberalism, conservatism, and populism. Conservatism refers to the respect of traditions, religion, moral values, businesses, and advocacy (Agne, 2009). Liberalism is an ideology that combines the idea of liberty and equity with the support for justice in society. Populism refers to a political approach that aims to appeal to regular people who feel that their concerns are being disregarded by established elite groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the organization of the government structure, political environment, and ideology of China and the U.S. are completely different. There are however some branches of the government that are found both in the Chinese and U.S. government but the organization is different. These differences especially the difference in politics have made the U.S. a more preferred environment for business. This is because China’s business environment has been strained for business compared to the U.S. business environment.

References

Agne, J. H. (2009). A SHORT GUIDE TO THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM. Susan V. Lawrence, M. F. (2002). Understanding China’s Political System.